Brooklyn Roasting Co. and IBM Are Letting You Track Your Coffee on the Blockchain

This past Saturday at Smorgasburg, an open-air market in Brooklyn, N.Y., a dozen or so people in their mid-20s and 30s queued inside a large shipping container, which had been cut in half, that served as the location for a pop-up coffee shop hosted by Brooklyn Roasting Co. So far, none of this should be surprising, considering Brooklyn's love of food and coffee. Nor should it be surprising that in the age of pop-up shops that there would be a coffee pop-up amid the 100 local food vendors who feed between 20,000 and 30,000 visitors every Saturday during the summer months that are looking to sample creative cuisine. What makes this one different is that Brooklyn Roasting wasn’t selling a new kind of coffee. In fact, all of the cold brews and other drinks that day were free. Instead, the real sell was showing how blockchain can be used to keep an eye on beans as they travel from farm to cup. Working with IBM and IBM's creative agency Ogilvy, Brooklyn Roasting is tracking its Ethiopian Yirgacheffe coffee beans from the Banko Gotiti co-op in Ethiopia where they're grown to where the beans are brewed in Brooklyn. [kickout id="4"] A bean’s journey from farm to cup can sometimes pass through dozens of transactions—after a farm, it enters a mill before going to a broker before being shipped. And along the way, if a bean needs to be certified as fair trade or organic, there might be additional steps to make sure certification is issued properly. Of course, coffee roasters that rely on these routes for quality and ethics reasons have their own processes in place. But what if someone were to switch out the beans for a bad batch somewhere along the way? “When we say this is a fair trade certified coffee and brag about it, we need to know that it is, and that’s hard when you’re talking about transactions that happened three months ago and 10,000 miles away,” said Brooklyn Roasting CEO Jim Munson. By putting the Yirgacheffe beans on the blockchain, Brooklyn Roasting and IBM are able to track and confirm the identity and authenticity of beans at each step. Brooklyn Roasting and IBM are just the latest companies to explore how blockchain can help the coffee world. Denver's Coda Coffee boasted it was the first roaster to hop on the blockchain back in April. Starbucks, too, has been experimenting with the technology to track its beans. Munson said setting up a preliminary blockchain has given him more insight into the commodity in the past few months than it has in two decades. "I think the coffee industry for a long time has made a big point of connecting farmers with consumers and connecting consuming countries with producing countries,” he said. “And there has been this romantic idea of fair trade and direct trade, and for the first time, because of technology, we can actually connect with the farmer.” How it works The process of setting up Brooklyn Roasting on IBM’s blockchain took about two months and was built as a demonstration that could be later scaled for other beans or other companies and their own industries, according to Ann Rubin, vp of marketing at IBM. To help explain the technology, IBM recorded several videos that describe various parts of the blockchain. Then, when a visitor received their coffee, it came in a to-go mug that was also connected to the blockchain, along with a QR code that allowed them to scan it and see where their coffee came from and show that they were now part of the blockchain. [kickout id="1"] [kickout id="2"] In a way, IBM is hoping to do for blockchain technology what it has done for artificial intelligence: take a new, complex, abstract technology and make it more comprehensible for the masses. Over the past few years, IBM has sought to market its Watson AI technology through various lenses within pop culture. It partnered with Bob Dylan to show how AI can analyze words, it created a sculpture based on Gaudi’s paintings to show that AI can analyze photos and designs and it partnered with major sports events, including the U.S. Open, to show how AI can follow events and pick out key themes. "It’s hard for people to understand how AI can be used in a bank or a retail store,” Rubin said. “But when they can see or feel how it comes to life with fashion, art, museums, sports, they can see it’s relatable and relevant. There’s a lot of context for them, and then they can apply it to their business.” How customers described the blockchain So how successful were IBM and Brooklyn Roasting in educating visitors? When asked how to describe blockchain technology while waiting in line, some were more knowledgeable than others. Everyone knew at least something, ranging from what the technology does to how it’s being used with coffee. “Basically, the blockchain is tracking the bean from Africa to where we are now, so each block on the chain has different data,” said Catherine Bracken, who said she doesn’t even drink coffee. Her friend, Zach Phillips, said it’s a “way to store data.” "What I know about blockchain is you can’t alter any of the transactions or records of what it’s being used for,” he said. "It’s a more secure way to store all of that data and being able to show the timeline of whatever it’s being used for, whether it’s transactions or importing or exporting.” [kickout id="3"] Perhaps two of the more creative explanations came from a pair that had just received their coffees. Owen Chen said he doesn't work in the blockchain space but first heard about it back in 2014 and had taken a computer security class where he learned about its various functions. "It's a secure protocol based on very, very strong mathematics that can change the way new things work," he said. "I don't know. ... I'm trying to find a good way to describe it, but I guess I can't." With him was Cristina Fernandez, who said she learned about blockchain from TV personality John Oliver, who did a segment about blockchain a few months ago. After that, she talked with her friend that works in the blockchain sector and was able to ask questions. However, as even industry insiders can attest, it’s not necessarily the easiest tech to describe, often analogies and metaphors are created to describe the emerging sector. “It's kind of like a series of passages," she said. "It’s like a giant maze, but you can’t escape it and there’s no shortcut. Everything is locked in that maze. It’s almost like ‘Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire,’ where they’re trying to get the goblet at the end and they’re all in the maze, and so only the best can reach the end, but there is no end. I'm sure it didn't add up in any way, and someone will be like, 'No, you're wrong.' I know I'm wrong."