Targeted Positioning in the Age of Social Games

This is a guest post by Brice Morrison, former CrowdStar designer and editor of industry game design resource The Game Prodigy. Commodities are products with no differentiation; oil, grain, and gold are some of the most common examples. There are no competitive advantages, no deluxe features, no brand names or favorite companies that consumers like to buy from. A commodity is bought by consumers based entirely on price; the cheaper the better. If A is cheaper than B, then that's all the information that's needed to make a purchasing decision. The early Facebook game ecosystem was made up of many commodities, games that originally were exactly the same as one another. Farm Town and FarmVille, Mobsters and Mafia Wars, Happy Aquarium and FishVille, and countless others. It led many players (and developers) to be confused by the early platform, asking, "Is this all this is? Copies of cheap games?" In the early massive user-grab time period, where virality was king and hundreds of thousands of users could be gained by clever features, it was often a race to who could get to the user first. It didn't matter that the games were very similar; since it was hard to tell the difference, why not just play the one that you found originally? But as time has gone on, both the Facebook platform and Facebook players have matured, and commodity games are no longer acceptable. As production values have skyrocketed, what used to be simple titles that could be copied in a few weeks have become massive undertakings, requiring dozens of developers, months of time, and careful understandings of the original game's design. With these production costs, players' expectations have risen as well. Thus, we are continually entering an age of a mature Facebook market, where game success isn't defined by commodity rules of distribution and marketing muscle alone. Instead, games are defined by differentiation, by a unique brand of fun, and by customer loyalty. No one wants to play the game that is 90% as good as Cityville -- they want to play Cityville. While the games of yesterday appeared to be a crowd of clones, games of today and tomorrow look very different from one another and players are choosing what to play by comparison. So what are today's social game companies to do? What kinds of games will resonate with consumers, and what kinds of games will no longer work? Many of these answers can be provided by history, during a time when the game console market seemed very similar to today's Facebook ecosystem. Positioning in Early Console Days In the early days of console games, developers for the original Nintendo Entertainment System were in a commodity-state as well. Development was cheap, the platform and market was new, and ideas were easily copied and resold as new ideas. All kinds of companies made all kinds of games, and early players were happy to try out whatever was in front of them...for the time being. It's interesting to look back and play some of the games from this era. Many of the companies names you may recognize: Konami, Capcom, Enix. But there are many other names you wouldn't recognize: SOFEL, Electro Brain, or Bullet Proof Software. While one group lives on, producing products that players love twenty years later, the other group has disappeared into obscurity, either through reluctant acquisition or bankruptcy. Of course there are always outside factors to the success of a company, but it is telling to look at the lists of games that each group of developers made. One group learned to focus their products into one type of game design they could be the best at, while the others continued to explore new genres with every release. Companies that learned how to create a specific type of a game, with a style of gameplay, a common fanbase, a unique art treatment, these were the companies that survived. They learned how to transition from a commodity-style game market to a positioning-style game market. Companies that were unable to position themselves fell away. "What kind of games does XYZ make?" "Well, we make all kinds of games." This isn't what a mature player wanted to hear. While that absence of positioning worked during the early days of a platform, when players were still exploring and learning about their own preferences, the strategy no longer worked as the platform grew older. Mature players wanted a positioned product, they said, "I want to play an action side-scroller; I'll go play a Konami game." Or a slightly different type of player said, "I want to play a competitive fighting game, I'll go play a Capcom game." Each of these positions were taken up by a company that became dedicated to their differentiation, and captured large numbers of players in the process. And by training their development teams with each title to be able to deliver the best in that position, they allowed themselves to evolve successfully with the platform. Commodity to Positioning Case Study: Blizzard Blizzard is a company that is often cited as one of the most successful game companies in the world, citing massive success for titles like World of Warcraft, Diablo and Starcraft. However, even Blizzard wasn't always successful; in the early days of Blizzard, it was a "me too" company just like many of the others. RPM Racing, Battle Chess, MicroLeagues Baseball, and Blackthorne were all early Blizzard titles which barely managed to keep the company afloat. These commodity titles all had similar game designs to competitors; Blizzard was mediocre at everything and master of none. What made the difference? Blizzard learned to position their games. With the best selling "WarCraft: Orcs and Humans", the game was a smash hit, far outselling any Blizzard title before it. A less wise leadership team may have decided that it was marketing, advertising, or business strategy that had resulted in the success. And while those undoubtedly played a factor, the key that made all the difference was the game design: what the game was, how it worked, and how players loved playing it. And Blizzard's team understood that. Thus, after a string of mild successes from 1991-1994, once WarCraft came out the company pivoted hard to focus entirely on creating one type of title: online competitive games. Warcraft II in '95, Diablo in '97, Starcraft in '98. All competitive online titles. By focusing on one style of gameplay and mastering it, Blizzard created a development team that was the best in the world at what they did, and a rabid fan base that loved what no one else could deliver. By positioning themselves as the best developers of online competitive games in the world, they found their niche. The rest is history. The Cycle Repeats with Facebook The cycle of platform release, commodity products, and differentiated products has repeated many times. Each time, developers and designers that hit it big in the early stages but fail to evolve and differentiate themselves fall victim to the cycle and are forgotten. Companies that learn to develop their specialty, their core experience, and their specific type of player find wild success in the later stages. You can see much of this playing out now, as many social game companies are learning to find their niches and deliver experiences that no other company can. Zynga is striving (and succeeding) to be king of the mass-market casual titles, simple games with great depth that focus on building, nurturing, and growing. PopCap is continuing its tradition of elegant games that involve only a few player actions and lead to great depth and high scores. Causal Collective is aiming to become a Facebook game company for violent and more male-oriented titles. Other companies, on the other hand, have yet to understand what their "special sauce" is, the type of game that they are the best suited to make. And until they figure their position out, DAU's will continue to drop as players migrate to more targeted experiences. As time goes on, more and more developers that try to copy others will burn through millions in dev and advertising costs without much to show for it. While those strategies worked in a commodities market, it will not work in a mature market, where players are ready to settle down with their favorite game franchises and give their loyalty. [image credit] A game designer who has worked at EA and CrowdStar, Brice Morrison is the editor of industry game design website The Game Prodigy and has been with teams for major titles like The Sims 3, Happy Aquarium, and It Girl.

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Targeted Positioning in the Age of Social Games

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